Sharjah is the third largest emirate of the UAE and the “cultural capital” of the Arab world. It covers 2,600 sq. km, and with a population of 800,000. It is comprised of the city of Sharjah and minor towns and enclaves: Kalba, Dibba, Al-Hisn, and Khor Fakkan.
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The city of Sharjah is the seat of the government and center of 21st century development in the emirate. It shares borders with Dubai and Ajman.
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Historically, Sharjah was one of the wealthiest settlements in the region. It dates back some 6000 years when it was believed to have been called Sarcoa. The population was small and people relied on trade and seafaring in addition to, farming, hunting, fishing and pearling. Many of the early settlements were based around the 'falaj', a man-made underground water course.
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In the early 18th century, the Qawasim clan of the Huwayla tribe settled in and declared Sharjah independent.
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In January 1820, Sheikh Sultan I signed the General Maritime Treaty with Britain, accepting a protectorate against the Ottoman Turks. In December 1971, Sheikh Khalid III joined the United Arab Emirates.
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Sharjah City is home to some architecturally-restored heritage buildings and ornate mosques, art centres, galleries, and impressive museums. In 1998 the city was designated by UNESCO as the cultural capital of the Arab world for its commitment to art, culture and preserving its heritage.
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Sharjah, is the key commercial center in the region, having both natural assets and a well-developed infrastructure. In 1995 the Sharjah Airport International Free Zone was established on 10 million square meters of land. Investors flock into the emirate as its free zones offer them lease on land, along with other tax-free benefits.
